Understanding Neurodivergence, Its Challenges, And The Path To A More Inclusive Society

It was in the late 90s that sociologist Judy Singer coined the term neurodivergence. The term “neurodivergent” came from the related term “neurodiversity.”A neurodivergent person may experience, process, and interact with the world in ways that differ from the majority.

But, one shouldn’t start thinking about words such as “normal” and “abnormal” when we talk about neurodivergent individuals. This is because neurodiversity defines individuals whose brain differences affect how their brains work. That means they have different strengths and challenges from people whose brains don’t have those differences.

Samragni Dasgupta, DEI Consultant, Interweave Consulting, shares, “A neurodivergent person has a brain that processes, learns, and/or acts in ways that differ from what people think of as "typical." These differences affect how they communicate, understand, focus, and experience the world around them. It leads to both distinctive challenges and unique cognitive strengths.”

Neurodivergent individuals often possess exceptional skills and talents. Many excel in areas requiring creativity, problem-solving, hyperfocus, pattern recognition, and innovative thinking.

Some of the most talented individuals are neurodivergent in nature. Among them are Olympic gymnast Simone Biles (ADHD), billionaire Bill Gates (ADHD and dyslexia), and perhaps even Albert Einstein (ADHD, dyslexia, and autism).

Are there any symptoms?

Neurodivergence is not a medical diagnosis or condition but rather a term describing differences in brain function. Even individuals with the same medical diagnosis can experience diverse cognitive patterns, meaning that their symptoms and characteristics may vary significantly.

Certain conditions that neurodivergent individuals may have

The brain of a neurodivergent individual may function differently than others. But different doesn't always mean bad. Numerous neurodevelopmental differences can be categorised under neurodivergence. Such as:

Autism spectrum disorder: Identified by sensory sensitivity, limited interests, repetitive behaviours, and trouble with social communication.

(Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Identified by restlessness and fidgeting, and trouble controlling attention, disorganised.

Dyslexia: Learning disabilities, arithmetic difficulties and writing difficulties.

Sensory processing disorders: When the brain struggles to receive, and interpret information from the senses.

Challenges faced

We as a society have a problem to treat people who appear a bit different to us differently. Despite their strengths, neurodivergent individuals often face societal challenges. Many of their traits are misunderstood, leading to stereotypes and discrimination. What we call a “traditional” environment may not accommodate different learning and working styles. This leads them to deal with stress, anxiety and burnout.

Meghna Banerjee, Counselling Psychologist, Habit Coach and Yoga Expert at Alyve Health says, “People who are neurodivergent often feel that society isn't made for them. One may feel uneasy, alone, and underrepresented in a variety of settings, including social interactions, the classroom, and the workplace.”

Creating an inclusive environment

As a society, there is a need for us to be more inclusive–to create an environment where everyone feels safe. Banerjee says, “Prejudice in society can be lessened by learning to value our diversity. Learning and listening are the first steps toward acceptance and understanding. Let's acknowledge neurodiversity, keep educating ourselves and others and strive toward a society where each person's strengths are respected and acknowledged.”

At the same time, Dasgupta suggests certain measures that can be taken to create a safe space for everyone:

Learning and understanding: Many folks don't know what neurodiversity means. Training can help employees and leaders understand neurodiversity, be more inclusive and build understanding.

Adaptable work setups: Neurodivergent individuals do better in places that offer adaptability. This could mean letting people work from home, having quiet areas, or allowing different work hours to fit various ways of working.

Straightforward communication: Neurodivergent individuals understand and process information in their way. Giving simple, to-the-point directions and staying away from unclear language can help make sure everyone's on the same wavelength.

Playing to strengths: Zero in on the special skills that employees with neurodivergence bring. For instance, someone with autism might shine in jobs that need close attention to details, while a person with ADHD might excel in fast ever-changing settings.

Inclusive policies: Review company policies to ensure they don’t inadvertently exclude neurodivergent individuals. For instance, traditional interview processes may disadvantage someone with social anxiety or communication differences.

Belonging and support: Neuroinclusion goes beyond just making accommodations—it's about helping everyone feel like they belong. Promote open talks, offer chances for mentoring, and make sure neurodivergent employees can access the tools they need to do well in their jobs.